Which NPCs are considered hostiles, and which are considered civilians? Also, does killing a civilian add more chaos compared to killing a hostile?

Question

At the end of a mission, the mission stats will state how many 'hostiles', and how many 'civilians' you killed.

Which NPCs are considered hostiles, and which are considered civilians? Is there any easy way to know if an NPC is considered a hostile or a civilian? Also, does killing a civilian add more to chaos, compared to killing a hostile?

Instances where it is unclear whether an NPC is a hostile or a civilian:

• Thugs at the Distillery, in the House of Pleasure mission

  (where they don't attack unless provoked)

• Lord Shaw at the Lady Boyle's Last Party mission

  He will fight you in a duel, if you do an optional mission objective.

• The Scavenger at the Royal Physican mission
  

• Granny Rags at the Flooded District mission

  She'll fight you if you choose to do an optional mission objective.

• Samuel
  

  who will alert guards to your location if playing at a 'very high chaos' at The Light at the End mission.

Answer 1

I can confirm that Lord Shaw is considered a hostile, and not a civilian. In this mission's stats, I killed Lord Shaw, but it still stated zero civilians killed.