What happens when I get attacked by another player?

Question

I'm currently in the grace period where I have a "shield" that prevents attacks from other players. When this expires, I assume that I'll start getting attacked. What happens when another player attacks me? I am particularly interested in the following:

• Do I lose resources? Is it possible to lose them all?
• Are my buildings destroyed?
• Do my troops in the Army Camp fight for me, or just stand around?
• Are their any limits on who can attack me, and how often?

Answer 1

When you are attacked, several things happen:

• You lose resources, depending on how much the attacker "destroys". If the attacker destroys everything, you can lose up to a maximum of 50% of Elixir/Gold in your collectors, 100% of Elixir/Gold in your Town Hall, and 33% of Elixir/Gold in your storage containers. This is a worst case, and can be significantly less if the opponent is higher level than you, or does not fully succeed in destroying your buildings.
• You lose trophies, depending on how much the attacker "destroys" and also the relative amounts of trophies you and the attacker have. Attackers get 1/3 of potential trophies for each star they receive. Potential trophies are more if the attacker started with less trophies than you, and are fewer if the attacker started with more trophies than you.
• Your buildings are not actually destroyed, even when the opponent "destroys" them.
• Troops in your Army Camp do not participate.
• There appears to be a range of enemies that can attack you, both from significantly below and significantly above. This source suggests that there is some type of limit (so level 50s aren't attacking level 1s), but in my experience its fairly broad - perhaps +/- 10 levels. Bear in mind though that pairing is random, so in order for a higher level attacker to attack, they have to be randomly paired with you. Note this does not apply if you've previously attacked them, since they have a "revenge" option.
• If an attacker defeats your defenses, you will get an automatic shield prevent further attacks. If 40% of your buildings are destroyed, you will receive a 12 hour shield. If 90% of your buildings are destroyed, you will receive a 16 hour shield.