Standard league:
EXPExperience loss according todepends on the difficulty you're currently playing in. Note you cannot lose levels by losing experience through death.
Normal Difficulty: 0%
Cruel Difficulty: 7.5%
Normal Difficulty: 0%Merciless Difficulty: 15%
Cruel Difficulty: 5%Ruthless: removed with patch 0.10
Losing levels: Experience lost in this way will never cause a character to drop down a level.
Merciless Difficulty: 10%
Hardcore league:
CharacterThe character is removed from the hardcore league (temporary or permanent). The character and all the items they are carrying are transferred intoto the parentpermanent Standard league.
Cut-throat league:
Items are dropped upon death, making them lootableloot-able for anyone. You also lose 30% experience points which are awarded toat the killersame rate as Standard leagues.
Edit: corrected (source)