I've had several items stay far, far, longer than a day in a vender'svendor's shop before. I am not sure if they stay indefinitely, though they seem to take a lot of time to go away.
There is a list ofThe UESP wiki lists two distinct types of permanent items:
Type 1 - Permanent (fully)
- Keep their RefID number, when dropped into the world
- Do not lose any of their persistent traits when dropped into the world
Type 2 - Permanent (until dropped)
- May keep or lose their RefID number, when dropped into the world
- Lose any or all of their persistent traits when first dropped into the world.
The following items that are eitherwere found to be fully permanent, as in they will never go away ever, or persistant, if they fall:
- Aetherial Crown [DG]
- Ebony Blade
- The Gauldur Amulet
- Zephyr [DG]
The following items were found to be permanent until dropped (or placed on that side of things they too will not go away evera weapon plaque):
- Calcelmo's Ring
- Declaration of War [DB]
- Eduj
- Emerald Dragon Claw
- Halldir's Staff - the one you get from Halldir's ash pile, not the one which drops near it
- Ironhand Gauntlets - looted from Hajvarr Iron-Hand
- Iron Dragon Claw
- Journals of Ralys Sedaris [DB] - all volumes
- Klimmek's Supplies
- Letter from a Friend - all instances
- Okin
- Ruby Dragon Claw
- Saerek's Skull Key - only if you do not use it to awaken Otar the Mad (awaken him with shout or rune spell instead)
- Staff of Hag's Wrath
- The Aetherium Wars [DG] - only the first copy, obtained before or during associated quest
- Torsten's Skull Key - only if you do not use it to awaken Otar the Mad (awaken him with shout or rune spell instead)
- Whiterun guard's armor, shield, helmet, gloves and boots - looted from Mirmulnir
Note: Permanent weapons may fail to prevent corpses from disappearing, if they don'talthough they will remain in respawning containers.
http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Skyrim:Permanent_and_persistent_items