Depends on what you mean by "spawn". (Your answer is "Yes" and "No".)

If a monster is spawned from a Monster Spawner, then:
Yes it can, as Monster Spawners will always create a mob near the spawner at intervals when the conditions around the Spawner are correct even if there is no available block to spawn on, as light is calculated in 3D space.

However, if the monster is spawned naturally then:
No, it does not. Monsters only spawn naturally on solid, non-transparent blocks at light level 7 or below. The light level at other points above or to the side of the solid block are not taken into account.

Depends on what you mean by "spawn". (Your answer is "Yes" and "No".)

If a monster is spawned from a Monster Spawner, then:
Yes it can, as Monster Spawners will always create a mob near the spawner at intervals when the conditions around the Spawner are correct even if there is no available block to spawn on, as light is calculated in 3D space.

However, if the monster is spawned naturally then:
No, it does not. Monsters only spawn naturally on solid, non-transparent blocks at light level 7 or below. The light level at other points above or to the side of the solid block are not taken into account.

Depends on what you mean by "spawn". (Your answer is "Yes" and "No".)

If a monster is spawned from a Monster Spawner, then:
Yes it can, as Monster Spawners will always create a mob next to/on top of the spawner at intervals when the conditions around the Spawner are correct even if there is no available block to spawn on, as light is calculated in 3D space.

However, if the monster is spawned naturally then:
No, it does not, as spawning requirements need that the surface (block you/the mob can stand on) is dark enough, and not the surrounding area*, as mobs require something to spawn on to be able to be spawned in naturally.

*Needs clarification.

Depends on what you mean by "spawn". (Your answer is "Yes" and "No".)

If a monster is spawned from a Monster Spawner, then:
Yes it can, as Monster Spawners will always create a mob near the spawner at intervals when the conditions around the Spawner are correct even if there is no available block to spawn on, as light is calculated in 3D space.

However, if the monster is spawned naturally then:
No, it does not. Monsters only spawn naturally on solid, non-transparent blocks at light level 7 or below. The light level at other points above or to the side of the solid block are not taken into account.