Short answer: Yes. Quote from the Minecraft wiki's "Seed (level generation)Seed (level generation)" article:
Whenever the world generation algorithm is updated, the same seed will no longer generate the same terrain. This is why in some different versions of the game, the same seed will not give the same world.
Jeb also mentions in a blog post that "changes to the world generator [...] off-sets the world seed." He continues on mentioning they don't change the world generation algorithm often. When they do, they make significant changes.
Not every version changes the world generation. So seeds are similar within minor version updates. And it doesn't affect other assets "such as spawn location, how many items mobs drop etc". ("A Short Demystification of the 'Map Seed'").