The short answer is no.
The raspberry pi's hardware just isn't up to the task of running minecraft, much less minecraft with mods. The version already installed on the pi has been cut down and optimized so that the pi can handle it. If you compare the specs of the raspberry pi 3 and the minimum requirements needed for minecraft, you will see that minecraft needs almost double what the pi can handle. Maybe in the future minecraft will require less or the pi will be able to handle more, but for now you will have to wait.