Kerbal Space Program looks like a game I'd enjoy. There is a free demo available. I noticed the purchase link lists "Buy Steam Key". I have had one experience with Steam, and that was enough.
Do I need Steam for Kerbal, or is it an option that you can choose not to purchase/load/use?
Can I play Kerbal without Steam? Yes, to answer the question in your title.
Do I need Steam for Kerbal? No, to answer the question in your post.
Steam is not required for KSP. When you purchase it from the Kerbal Space Program store, you either buy a Steam Key, or buy it so that you download / patch it from their servers. This is a choice you only get to make once.
Just click on "Add to Cart" rather than "Buy a Steam Key" and you can continue your blissful Valve-free rocket experiences.
Not if you are trying to launch the Steam version directly. It will just open Steam then the game.
Otherwise, if you purchase it from the website using the "Add To Cart" button you will receive the Squad version (Which Does Not Require Steam)
