As correctly noted by Thorsal, the durability of an 'Unbreaking' item is not fixed, but depends on chance.
More specifically, the number of uses you will get out of a given tool will follow a binomial distribution. This is the same statistical law that predicts things like "how many heads will I get out of 100 coin tosses?"
Consider that a diamond pickaxe normally has durability of 1,536 uses. If you plot the binomial probability density function (PDF) for 1,536 'successes' with a 'success rate' of P = 1/2 = 0.5 (Unbreaking 1), P = 1/3 = 0.333 (Unbreaking II), and P = 1/4 = 0.25 (Unbreaking III) you get the following graph:

This shows that an Unbreaking III Diamond Pick will last, on average, about 6,144 uses (four times as long as a normal Diamond Pick.) However there is also a chance it will break after only 6,000 uses. Similarly, there is a chance it will last for 6,500 uses.
However there is basically no chance it will last longer than 7,000 uses, or less than 5,000 uses.