Note: Since I didn't play through the blood and wine addon yet, I can't 100% confirm that there are no missable places in that one!
There are only a few places in Witcher 3 which you can't revisit:
- The Isle of Mist
- The area where you'll be ported in one of the last quests in the hearts of stones dlc
- The different worlds which you travel through
The first two do not contain any places of power and it is possible to revisit every other area of the game after you've completed it. So no, there are no places of power you can miss besides that one.
EDIT: I finally had time to play through the game again and this time, I completely ignored the skellige quest, which will put Brans son on the throne. If you do that, the place of power in the basement will be unreachable for you!