The only item there which causes black heart generation is The Virus, but that only gives you black hearts if you touch enemies and they die from the poison damage. You also have Taurus, which grants invincibility and contact damage after being in a room long enough. It's possible that killing enemies with the Taurus damage is counting as killing them with The Virus, or that you were damaging them with Taurus and then the poison took over. I'm not sure how that synergy works.
It's also possible you just had a lot of black heart drops. There are certain room layouts that can lead to this pretty easily, like a Devil Room that just has 3 black hearts sitting on the floor. In my experience it's not that uncommon to get this number of hearts if you aren't getting hit a lot.