Does Agoge count toward naval units as well?

Question

Or is it just land units? There are melee and ranged units for both

Answer 1

As Agoge states: +50% Production Production toward Ancient and Classical era melee and ranged units.

This doesn't include naval units from the era.

If you wanted a bonus for naval units in the era you would want Maritime Industries which provides +100% Production Production toward Ancient and Classical era naval units.