Yes! There are numerous technologies for ransacking enemy systems as of Disharmony.
- Vanilla bombardment: captures system. Not what you want if you don't want to own the system (e.x. if you're having happiness trouble).
- Bombs: New to Disharmony, bombs are a targeted weapon to abrade an enemy system into a more manageable state:
- Anti-population: reduces population of planets
- Anti-structure: removes orbital structures built in system
- Boats: New to Disharmony, all fighters and bombers can attack a system, even when they're configured for space action. There are higher levels of boats (shielded fighers, heavy bombers, etc) that I haven't been able to try yet.
- Fighters: anti-boat, meager damage against ships and capture rate on systems
- Bombers: anti-ship, decent damage against ships and capture rate on systems
- Special weapons: New to Disharmony, there are a few weapons of stupendous power, some that empty out systems, some that tear them apart for their Dust. These are about a third of the way up the Warfare tree, more towards the edges. One is called Plasma Cage, and is apparently a "system improvement" that razes all population and structure from a system. (Thanks Oblivious Sage for jogging my memory!) I forget the other's name, but it had to do with raising Dust by razing the system.
I believe you're most interested in the special weapons category.