I understand that depending on how satisfied a faction is with your rule, they will grant special benefits or penalties. However, I don't understand these:
What do these modifiers mean?
In Tropico, any of the various leader characters you can play as have an individual list of perks and faction modifiers (which present various benefits).
Basically, this lets you know that Religious Tropicans inherently dislike leaders with the "Man of the People" or "Alcoholic" trait, and inherently like leaders who are "Charismatic". t
This way you can play to your leader's strengths, focusing on either the factions who inherently dislike you (so that more people like you overall) or focusing on those already friendly to you (so that they like you so much, it doesn't matter what the Religious Tropicans think!).
You can view the impacts of each personal trait by hovering the cursor over it when you're selecting a dictator, before starting a scenario. Faction-specific effects will be a simple % gain or loss of standing.