Pokemon Stats Breakdown

Question

I am creating a Pokemon Battle simulator and I am looking for information on how the damage that each move deals is specifically calculated. (I know what attack and defense are, I'm looking for formulas.) This is going to be a basic Gen I type sim, so I don't want to deal with Iv's and Ev's if possible.

Looking for info on what stats correlate with the moves themselves and how this is specifically incorporated with the attack /defense of pokemon.

Also, does Speed directly effect who goes first or does it just increase a percentage?

and also how is the multiplier for the type factor calculated?(Is it always just like 1.5 or 1 or .5, or is it more complicated)

EDIT: I originally said "nature" but I really meant "type"

Additional Questions:

1. Base stats refer to pokemon at level 50 correct?
2. Does anyone know where I can find tables of pokemon of gen 1 / their stats
3. Does anyone know where I can find a list of moves for gen 1
4. For 2 and 3 if anyone knows of tables that would let me view available moves/stats and pokemon stats by level that'd be AMAZING

Answer 1

You can generally find all the information you're asking for at Bulbapedia.

For example, here's the exact damage formula.

Speed directly dictates who goes first; it's only random in case of a tied speed stat.

Natures always increase one stat by 10% and decrease another stat by 10%, or have no effect.

Additional answers:

1. Base stats are simply used in the formula for determining current stats. They don't necessarily correspond to stats at any level at all; they are just numbers that are meaningful relative to each other.
2. I prefer Psypokes. For each Pokemon, you can change to see their stats, levelup moves, TMs, etc. for any generation where they existed.
3. Bulbapedia has a list of all moves, sorted by generation in which they were introduced.
4. Psypokes will show you moves by level, but for stats you will have to use some formulas from Bulbapedia.