When encountering the connect-a-circuit science minigame in Spiderman, I was surprised at how simple it is. I also recalled similar full-size games I've played in the DOS era that have one do this on a much larger scale and with actual challenge.
The distinct difference from connect-the-dots games is that there are directional pipes on a 2D field rather than nodes.
I don't recall how they made it challenging: was it timing, limited items, or error penalties that made it non-trivial to advance through the stages. I'm looking to see if that subgenre of puzzles has taken off by itself. To be specific, this refers to building circuits out of different, directional elements.
What's that sub-genre of puzzles called properly, and what are the most successful titles in it?
Also, were difficulty mechanics besides time limits implemented in any of these?