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If you have trouble in finding out which mods you have installed and if you want a quick way to uninstall them in the future , have a look at the nexus mod manager(assuming you download mods from skyrim.nexusmods.com).
Laptop specs ?Are you video card drivers updated to the latest version ? It seems that you are using mod(s) , remove the mods and check whether the problem persists .
Would like to add that having a weapon(preferably a 2 handed axe) with drain health enchantment will help you restore some health to your character when bashing up dragons .
Update your video card driver , disable v-sync , run the game in windowed mode (if possible) . If all else fails , reinstall the game and update it (and hope for the best) . Cheers .